Onryō, Suijin, Yokai

Funayūrei and their army of undead drowners

People of Japan have strong roots in its lands and the seas around it. As such, there are an abundance of yokai relaated to thesea. Some of them are benevolent, such as amabie. Alternatively, there are large monsters that cause seaquakes and tsunami,such as umibōzu. As for today, we are discussing the later. Yokai that is feared by all fishermen and seamen. One that known as funayūrei and their army of undead drowners.


Funayūrei are vengeful sea wraiths. They are the spirits of those who died at sea. Spirits who died at sea battles. Souls swallowed by huge waves and typhoons. As such, their numbers are in the millions. As many legends say, seeing funayūrei at sea is certain death. When you see one, others will follow.

Hunderd Ways to Die

These creatures of malevolence goal is to sink all ships they meet. And they may sink them in various ways. For example, funayūrei may ask for a bamboo ladle called hishaku (柄杓). And then fill the boat with sea water using the asked hishaku.

Alternatively, during heavy fogs, they may push the ships into cliffs or large rocks. In rare instances, funayūrei are large ghost ships that simply ram into unsuspecting seafarers. Not unlike the Flying Ducthman. No matter the method, one thing is for certain, funayūrei aim to increase their army of undead drowners.

Be Prepared

Nonetheless, these spiteful wraiths can be appeased. The simplest method is throwing onigiri into the sea. Alternatively, in Kōzushima, they throw dango, flowers and incense. Another common method is to prepare a bottomless hishaku so that it cannot carry water. But of course, this works only if they ask for one.

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Yokai Details

  • name: funayūrei ( foo-nah-you-ray-ee )
  • kanji: 船幽霊 or 舟幽霊  (ふなゆうれい)
  • aka: akayashi (アヤカシ) in Saga & Yamguchi prefecture
  • meaning: boat spirit
  • abilities:
    1. incorporeal beings — cannot be touched or physically attacked
    2. calling — call forth other funayurei from anywhere
    3. mass manipulation — able to change its size and mass

Onryō, Yokai

Teketeke (テケテケ)

One of the most popular urban legend is about a ghost that haunts the Japanese railway line. This yokai continually toils along the tracks, dragging herself around looking for her next victim. Her crawling and scratching sound amplifies in the quiet night. That yokai is a teketeke, a vengeful spirit who looks for that someone suffer as much as she has.


Teketeke is a type of yurei known as an onryo (怨霊), a vengeful spirit. Usually in the form of a woman, the ghost haunts railway crossings and in some occasions dark isolated roads. Many believe that she is the malevolent spirit of a victim rail or road accident.

The onryo is described as a ghostly apparition with only the upper torso and holding the kama (), a Japanese sickle or scythe. Teketeke, usually, moves around by dragging her limp body across the ground thus making the scratching “teke teke”sound. But there are also reports of her ability to float around upright. In such cases, the scratching sound is made by her dragging her kama along.

Railway Crossings

A young man managed to take the last train and was walking home. As he was crossing a railway crossing, he heard the “teke teke” scratching sound coming towards him along the train tracks. The onryo emerged out of the darkness, dragging herself faster and faster towards the man. As he turned around to run in the opposite direction, teketeke appeared floating before him and cut the young man in half.

Night School

A teenage boy returned late from school one night and was about to leave the compound when he noticed a girl at his classroom windowsill. As the girl smiled, he returned the smile and wondered why there was a girl in an all-boys school.

Suddenly, the girl jumped out from the 2nd floor, landed on the ground and started to crawl her way towards the school boy. When he saw that it was only her upper torso, the teenager froze in fear. Moments later, teketeke lunged forward and cut the boy in half.

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Yokai Details

  • name: teketeke (teh-keh-teh-keh)
  • kanji:  テケテケ
  • onomatopoeia: sound of body dragging
  • abilities:
    1. levitation — possess the ability to hover
    2. teleport — able to move or be at another place in an instant
Josei, Yokai

Yuki-onna (雪女)
Yuki-onna

Today’s yokai is one of the more feared beings of the supernatural family. In wintry days of old, in the snow country regions, there were many frigid demise of lost travelers. And all villagers agreed that yuki-onna are to be blamed for these frozen deaths.


Legends of yuki-onna is notorious in the northern regions of Japan where snowfall are heavier and mountain paths more desolate. As such, she is known by other names such as snow daughter (yuki-musume) and snow sister (yuki-anesan), depending on the province. Interestingly, there are regions calling yuki-onna, yukifuri-baba (snowfall crone) and tsurara-onna (icicle woman), but I believe these are completely different yokai because they behave quite differently.

Cold Portrayal

Yuki-onna is a snow yokai usually in the form of a pale and beautiful young woman wearing a white translucent furisode (振袖). Some legends even say she roams through the white woods in the nude. She lures lone mountain travelers away from the main path and freezes them into ice pops. Other times, she will charm the vagabond off an unseen cliff.

Like the snowy weather, yuki-onna‘s wrath can be cold, frigid and deadly. But there is also her soft compassion, just like a fresh light snowfall. Usually she appears as ghost-like and floats across the snow leaving no snow prints. These traits led some to believe that yuki-onna is a yurei, the spirit of woman who perished in the snow, or left to die there.

Tale of Oyuki

A yuki-onna story made popular by Lafcadio Hearn, where two woodcutters were stuck in a snowstorm and met the ethereal yuki-onna. She froze one with her icy breath but decided not to harm the handsome Minokichi. In return, yuki-onna made him promise to not tell anyone about her or the incident.

Many years later, Minokichi met a beautiful lady, fell in love and got married. The woman named Oyuki was a good wife and bore several children. One night, Minokichi confessed about the yuki-onna incident to Oyuki who declared that she was the same snow woman. She wanted to kill him but changed her mind again, because of their children. Then Oyuki melted away and disappeared, never to be seen again.

Moral of the story is, avoid travelling through the mountainous forest in the dead of winter. And, if you have to, stick to the main well-taken path and avoid taking any detour for any reasons. Unless, of course, you really want to meet a yuki-onna and her kiss of death.

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Yokai Details

  • name: yuki-onna (you-kee-on-nah)
  • kanji:  雪女 (ゆきおんな)
  • meaning: snow woman
  • aka:
    • yuki-musume (雪娘)
    • yuki-onago (雪女子)
    • yuki-jorō (雪女郎)
    • yuki-anesan (雪姐さん)
  • abilities:
    1. cryogenesis — lower temperature of an area
    2. frost breath — freeze multiple targets into blocks of ice
Onryō, Yokai

Kyokotsu

One summer night, during a school club trip, I was challenged to Kimodameshi (肝試し), a  test of courage and manhood. My scary task was to take the deserted forest path that leads to an abandoned well. As I fearfully walked into the forest, I heard low moans coming from the direction of the well.  The wails grew louder the closer I get. Eventually, I chickened out and ran all the way back before I even see the well, or yurei.


In feudal times, wells, especially abandoned ones, have always been a convenient place to discard the remains of murdered victims. Wells have also been used as a site to commit suicide, by jumping from height or drowning. The unnatural deaths and lack of proper burials create a powerful hostile energy that eventually becomes the vengeful revenant called kyokotsu .

These haunting yurei  frequents the wells nightly, moaning and lamenting about their rotten lives or wretched deaths. On a full moon, Kyokotsu will be infused with enough spectral energy to go beyond the bounds of the well and haunt nearby regions. There are even stories whereby the living is pulled into the shadowy abyss, on a moonless night.

Description

In Toriyama Sekien‘s book Konjyaku Hyaku Kishuikyokotsu is illustrated, as a bleached skull with long wavy hair and dressed in its burial kimono. The yurei floats over an abandoned well, seething with rage and vengeance. The supernatural link between wells and the dead is well known in Japanese lore and has been retold many times, throughout the generations. An example of the unearthly connections are depicted in “Ring” (リング) where the yurei Sadako is birthed from an abandoned well underneath a forest cabin.

Many ancient Japanese traditions say that old wells, especially abandoned ones, lead to the other side. The very gateway to the underworld is at the bottom of the decrepit well. So the next time you happened upon an abandoned well, avoid it all together. You may never know who or what you will drag you into the dark abyss.

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Yokai Details

  • name: kyokotsu (key-yoh-oo-koh-tsoo)
  • kanji: 狂骨 (きょうこつ)
  • meaning: crazy bones
  • abilities:
    1. phasing — able to turn intangible and move through solid objects
    2. levitation — possess the ability to hover